The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
CEERS Key Paper. IV. A Triality in the Nature of HST-dark Galaxies
- Pablo G. Pérez-González,
- Guillermo Barro,
- Marianna Annunziatella,
- Luca Costantin,
- Ángela García-Argumánez,
- Elizabeth J. McGrath,
- Rosa M. Mérida,
- Jorge A. Zavala,
- Pablo Arrabal Haro,
- Micaela B. Bagley,
- Bren E. Backhaus,
- Peter Behroozi,
- Eric F. Bell,
- Laura Bisigello,
- Véronique Buat,
- Antonello Calabrò,
- Caitlin M. Casey,
- Nikko J. Cleri,
- Rosemary T. Coogan,
- M. C. Cooper,
- Asantha R. Cooray,
- Avishai Dekel,
- Mark Dickinson,
- David Elbaz,
- Henry C. Ferguson,
- Steven L. Finkelstein,
- Adriano Fontana,
- Maximilien Franco,
- Jonathan P. Gardner,
- Mauro Giavalisco,
- Carlos Gómez-Guijarro,
- Andrea Grazian,
- Norman A. Grogin,
- Yuchen Guo,
- Marc Huertas-Company,
- Shardha Jogee,
- Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe,
- Lisa J. Kewley,
- Allison Kirkpatrick,
- Dale D. Kocevski,
- Anton M. Koekemoer,
- Arianna S. Long,
- Jennifer M. Lotz,
- Ray A. Lucas,
- Casey Papovich,
- Nor Pirzkal,
- Swara Ravindranath,
- Rachel S. Somerville,
- Sandro Tacchella,
- Jonathan R. Trump,
- Weichen Wang,
- Stephen M. Wilkins,
- Stijn Wuyts,
- Guang Yang,
- L. Y. Aaron Yung
Affiliations
- Pablo G. Pérez-González
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; [email protected]
- Guillermo Barro
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of the Pacific , Stockton, CA 90340 USA
- Marianna Annunziatella
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; [email protected]
- Luca Costantin
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; [email protected]
- Ángela García-Argumánez
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Facultad de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , E-28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos IPARCOS , Facultad de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
- Elizabeth J. McGrath
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College , Waterville, ME 04901, USA
- Rosa M. Mérida
- ORCiD
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, Spain ; [email protected]
- Jorge A. Zavala
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Pablo Arrabal Haro
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-IR Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Micaela B. Bagley
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Bren E. Backhaus
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, 196 Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Peter Behroozi
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Division of Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Eric F. Bell
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA
- Laura Bisigello
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G.Galilei”, Universitá di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy; INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy
- Véronique Buat
- ORCiD
- Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM Marseille, France
- Antonello Calabrò
- ORCiD
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Caitlin M. Casey
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Nikko J. Cleri
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA
- Rosemary T. Coogan
- ORCiD
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- M. C. Cooper
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Asantha R. Cooray
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, 4129 Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Avishai Dekel
- ORCiD
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Mark Dickinson
- ORCiD
- NSF’s National Optical-IR Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- David Elbaz
- ORCiD
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Henry C. Ferguson
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD, USA
- Steven L. Finkelstein
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Adriano Fontana
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
- Maximilien Franco
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Jonathan P. Gardner
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Mauro Giavalisco
- ORCiD
- University of Massachusetts Amherst , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA
- Carlos Gómez-Guijarro
- ORCiD
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité , CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Andrea Grazian
- ORCiD
- INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy
- Norman A. Grogin
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD, USA
- Yuchen Guo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Marc Huertas-Company
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Universidad de la Laguna , La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Université Paris-Cité , LERMA—Observatoire de Paris, PSL, Paris, France
- Shardha Jogee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe
- ORCiD
- Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- Lisa J. Kewley
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Allison Kirkpatrick
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Dale D. Kocevski
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College , Waterville, ME 04901, USA
- Anton M. Koekemoer
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Arianna S. Long
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
- Jennifer M. Lotz
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s National Optical-IR Astronomy Research Laboratory , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Ray A. Lucas
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Casey Papovich
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, 77843-4242 USA
- Nor Pirzkal
- ORCiD
- ESA/AURA Space Telescope Science Institute , USA
- Swara Ravindranath
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Rachel S. Somerville
- ORCiD
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Sandro Tacchella
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Jonathan R. Trump
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, 196 Auditorium Road, Unit 3046, University of Connecticut , Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Weichen Wang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Stephen M. Wilkins
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex , Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK; Institute of Space Sciences and Astronomy, University of Malta , Msida MSD 2080, Malta
- Stijn Wuyts
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Guang Yang
- ORCiD
- Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research , Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- L. Y. Aaron Yung
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb3a5
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 946,
no. 1
p. L16
Abstract
The new capabilities that JWST offers in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) are used to investigate in unprecedented detail the nature of optical/near-IR-faint, mid-IR-bright sources, with HST-dark galaxies among them. We gather JWST data from the CEERS survey in the Extended Groth Strip, jointly with HST data, and analyze spatially resolved optical-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions to estimate photometric redshifts in two dimensions and stellar population properties on a pixel-by-pixel basis for red galaxies detected by NIRCam. We select 138 galaxies with F150W − F356W > 1.5 mag and F356W 100 Gyr ^−1 ); (2) 18% are quiescent/dormant (i.e., subject to reignition/rejuvenation) galaxies (QGs) at 3 < z < 5, with $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 10$ and poststarburst mass-weighted ages (0.5–1.0 Gyr); and (3) 11% are strong young starbursts with indications of high equivalent width emission lines (typically, [O iii ]+H β ) at 6 < z < 7 (XELG- z 6) and $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 9.5$ . The sample is dominated by disk-like galaxies with remarkable compactness for XELG- z 6 (effective radii smaller than 0.4 kpc). Large attenuations in SFGs, 2 < A ( V ) < 5 mag, are found within 1.5 times the effective radius, approximately 2 kpc, while QGs present A ( V ) ∼ 0.2 mag. Our SED-fitting technique reproduces the expected dust emission luminosities of IR-bright and submillimeter galaxies. This study implies high levels of star formation activity between z ∼ 20 and z ∼ 10, where virtually 100% of our galaxies had already formed 10 ^8 M _⊙ , 60% had assembled 10 ^9 M _⊙ , and 10% up to 10 ^10 M _⊙ (in situ or ex situ).
Keywords
- Galaxy formation
- Galaxy evolution
- High-redshift galaxies
- Stellar populations
- Broad band photometry
- Galaxy ages
