Акушерство, гинекология и репродукция (Sep 2016)
MODERN APPROACHES TO PATOGENESIS AND PROGNOSIS OF CNS HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC LESION OUTCOMES IN PERINATAL PERIOD
Abstract
CNS hypoxic-ischemic lesion is one of the causes of newborns invalidism in perinatal period. Under the «perinatal hypoxia» the complex of symptoms caused by oxygen insufficiency of fetus and newborn is considered. Combined prenatal and early neonatal impact of hypoxia is considered as a perinatal hypoxic-ischemic lesion. Regeneration phases that have place after perinatal ischemia are reperfusion phase (±0-4 h), latent phase (0-8 h), phase of secondary energy disorder (8-72 h) and late phase (>72 h), when brain electric activity decreases and seizures take place. The first phase in further development of pathologic process is an acute period of 1 month, associated with CNS hypoxic-ischemic lesion. The second phase (2nd-3 rd months) are characterized with decrease in neuronal loss, reduction of neurologic disorders. The third phase (3-6th months) is characterized with spastic events. In some of the children the progress of the second phase is fixing in the same time, it is shown by decrease in neurologic disorders. The final forth phase has no timing limits and is characterized with children’s cerebral paralysis as an outcome, syndrome of minimal brain dysfunctions, astenoneurotic syndrome, hydrocephalic syndrome, syndrome of motion disorders, epileptic disorders, psychomotor and prespeech development delay or, in case of good outcomes of pathologic process, regeneration of functions may occur. Accurate evaluation of degree of CNS perinatal hypoxic-ischemic disorders with routine methods of clinical, instrumental and laboratory investigations is not always possible. Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS disorders are always associated with hematoencephalic barrier transparency disorders and with release of neurospecific proteins in blood flow. Therefore dynamic evaluation of neurospecific proteins in blood serum may be reasonable for evaluation of CNS lesion degree and disease prognosis.
