Role of nanoparticles in enhancing chemotherapy efficacy for cancer treatment

Abstract

This article is an overview of the current state of nanoparticles because of their emerging usage in cancer treatment, covering nanoparticles that have been authorized for use in cancer therapy currently undergoing clinical testing. Recent advances in nanoparticle engineering, coupled with an enhanced understanding of critical nanoparticle attributes (size, shape, and surface properties) in conjunction with biological systems, present novel prospects for therapeutic nanoparticle development. Although inorganic and metallic nanoparticles are gaining recognition in clinical studies due to their potential usefulness but nanomaterials primarily polymeric, liposomal, and nano crystal based dominate the cancer therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) contain specific ligands, such as polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic acid (PLA), which have a chemical affinity for malignant cells and target tumors. Nanocrystals stand out with their high loading efficiency, stability, extended drug release, and capacity to deliver poorly soluble medications. The limitations of conventional chemotherapy are overcome in a variety of applications for improved cancer care by metal-based nanoparticles, either used alone or in combination. The dynamic nature of nanotechnology drives continued developments like protein-based nanoparticles and micelles. Polymer and lipid encapsulation within nanocrystals is becoming more and more popular, suggesting a long-term trend. This advancement marks a significant breakthrough in life-saving nanotechnology, particularly in cancer treatment, and sets the stage for pioneering applications in nanomedicine.

Keywords

• Cancer therapy
• Nanoparticles
• Clinical trials
• Active targeting
• Passive targeting