Наукові горизонти (May 2020)

INFLUENCE OF THE TILLAGE ON WEEDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT CROPS IN CONDITIONS OF UKRAINIAN POLISSIA

  • N. Hrytsiuk,
  • N. Plotnytska,
  • T. Tymoshchuk,
  • L. Dovbysh,
  • L. Bondareva

DOI
https://doi.org/10.33249/2663-2144-2020-90-5-15-21
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 90, no. 5
pp. 15 – 21

Abstract

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A considerable limiting factor in growing high yields of winter wheat is the level of crops weediness. The system of prime tillage based on the crop biological peculiarities and segetal vegetation, preceding crops, as well as weather conditions plays a significant role in controlling the weediness of agrophytocenoses. The research was aimed at studying the quantitative and species composition of weed synusia of winter wheat depending on the main tillage. A long-term stationary experiment investigated into the influence of the main tillage on the weediness of the agrophytocenosis depending on stages of the development of winter wheat on BBCH scale. Over the years of the study, the largest number of weeds in the agrophytocenosis of winter wheat (52.7–81.4 pcs/m2) was observed in the main sprout phase, depending on the method of tillage. Ripping with a blade cultivator as well as disc plowing lead to an increase in weediness of agrophytocenosis of winter wheat by 30.2–40.6 %, respectively, compared to ploughing. With a not uniform depth ploughing, the amount of segetal vegetation in winter wheat crops increases by 54.4% compared to the soil cultivation by means of different ploughs. The change in the species composition of the segetal component of the agrophytocenosis of winter wheat in the main sprout phase (BBCH 31–39) depending on the method of basic tillage has been observed. Nine species of annual weeds identified were represented by four biological groups: early spring weeds – Chenopodium album L.; late spring weeds – Setaria glauca L., Amaranthus retroflexus L.; wintering – Centaurea cyanus L., Matricaria perforata Merat.; winter – Bromus secalinus L. and Apera spic-aventi L. Among the perennial weeds, root species such as Convolvulus arvensis L. and Sonchus arvensis L. were widespread. The dominant species in the structure of the weed group were Bromus secalinus L. (20–22 %) and Apera spic-aventi L (40–47 %).

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