IL-13 inhibition in the treatment of atopic dermatitis – new and emerging biologic agents

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory skin condition that affects a considerable portion of the population, and is particularly prevalent among children. The development of AD is influenced by environmental and genetic factors, which cause epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and dysbiosis. In immune dysregulation, there is excessive production of cytokines. Among the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-13 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. Searching for new and more selective treatments for moderate-to-severe cases is important because of the considerable effect of AD on the quality of life. Tralokinumab and lebrikizumab are selective IL-13 inhibitors that have demonstrated safety and efficacy as treatment options for AD in phase III trials. Tralokinumab is approved for use in Europe and the USA, while lebrikizumab is approved only in Europe. Cendakimab, which is another IL-13 selective inhibitor, has shown promising results in phase II trials, providing safe and effective outcomes. Eblasakimab, which disrupts IL-13 and IL-4 signaling pathways, is currently in phase II trials following well-tolerated administration in phase I studies. This narrative review aims to outline the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness and safety of these four biologic agents targeting IL-13 signaling.