Drug Design, Development and Therapy (Aug 2022)

The Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Ajwa Date Fruit Extract Against Acute Diclofenac Toxicity-Induced Colopathy: An Experimental Study

  • Hassan SMA,
  • Aboonq MS,
  • Albadawi EA,
  • Aljehani Y,
  • Abdel-Latif HM,
  • Mariah RA,
  • Shafik NM,
  • Soliman TM,
  • Abdel-Gawad AR,
  • Omran FM,
  • Abdellah WA,
  • Shehata A,
  • Shahada H,
  • Baghdadi HH,
  • Aly HY,
  • Saad A,
  • Nabo MMH,
  • Almilaibary A,
  • Eltahir HM,
  • El Sayed SM,
  • Abu-Elnaga MAM,
  • Elbastawisy YM

Journal volume & issue
Vol. Volume 16
pp. 2601 – 2616

Abstract

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Shaimaa Mohamed Abdelfattah Hassan,1 Moutasem Salih Aboonq,2 Emad A Albadawi,3 Yasmeen Aljehani,4,5 Hytham Mahmoud Abdel-Latif,6 Reham A Mariah,7 Noha M Shafik,7 Tamer M Soliman,8 Abdelhady Ragab Abdel-Gawad,8 Faten M Omran,6 Wafaa A Abdellah,6 Ahmed Shehata,9,10 Husam Shahada,11 Hussam H Baghdadi,12 Hanan Yousef Aly,13 Alfarazdeg Saad,12 Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo,14 Abdullah Almilaibary,15 Heba M Eltahir,16 Salah Mohamed El Sayed,12,17 Mustafa AM Abu-Elnaga,18,19 Yasser M Elbastawisy3,20 1Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt; 2Department of Medical Physiology, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 3Anatomy and Embryology Department, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 4Academic Affairs, Training and Research (CAO), King Salman Bin Abdelaziz Medical City, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 5Family Medicine, Research and Studies Department and Health Affairs in Al-Madinah Region, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Medical Pharmacology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 7Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 8Department of Clinical Pathology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 9Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 11Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Uhud Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 12Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia; 13Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 14Department of Pediatrics, Al-Rayyan Medical College, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 15Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia; 16Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Biochemistry Division, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia; 17Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt; 18Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Rayyan Medical Colleges, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 19Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt; 20Anatomy & Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCorrespondence: Alfarazdeg Saad, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia, Tel +249-91-219-0492, Email [email protected]: Studies regarding treatment of acute toxicity with diclofenac (ATD) are quite few. Diclofenac is commonly prescribed in neurology, psychiatry, and general medicine practice. This study investigated possible colon-protective effects exerted by Ajwa date fruit extract (ADFE), a prophetic medicine remedy native to Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia against ATD. Phytochemicals in ADFE as gallic acid and quercetin have reported protective effects against ATD.Methods: Total phenols and flavonoids in ADFE were estimated as equivalents to gallic acid and quercetin. Four experimental groups were allocated each of six rats: control group, ATD group received a single dose of 150 mg diclofenac intraperitoneally, toxicity prevention group received a single dose of ADFE orally followed 4 hours later by diclofenac injection, and toxicity treatment group received a similar diclofenac dose followed 4 hours later by a single dose of ADFE. Four days later, animals were sacrificed. Histological and biochemical examinations were done.Results: ADFE has a total phenolic content of 331.7 gallic acid equivalent/gram extract and a total flavonoid content of 70.23 quercetin equivalent/gram. ATD significantly increased oxidative stress markers as serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Serum MDA and H2O2 were significantly scavenged by ADFE. ATD significantly (p< 0.001) decreased antioxidant power as serum total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity. That was reversed by ADFE in both prevention and treatment groups. Histologically, ATD caused complete destruction of colonic crypts architecture, patchy loss of the crypts, loss of the surface epithelium, absent goblet cells and submucosal exudate, heavy infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa with inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes and eosinophils. There were mucosal haemorrhages and submucosal dilated congested blood vessels. All that was prevented and treated using ADFE.Conclusion: ADFE is rich in quercetin and gallic acid equivalents that exert potent antitoxic effects. ADFE is strongly recommended for preventive and therapeutic colon effects against ATD.Keywords: diclofenac, acute toxicity, Ajwa date extract, colon, histology, polyphenols and flavonoids

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