Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports (Mar 2024)

X-linked intellectual developmental disorder with onset of neonatal heart failure: A case report and literature review

  • Hongmin Xi,
  • Lili Ma,
  • Xiangyun Yin,
  • Ping Yang,
  • Xianghong Li,
  • Liangliang Li

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 38
p. 101054

Abstract

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X-linked intellectual developmental disorder is a rare X-linked genetic disease, manifested as heart disease, intellectual impairment, and developmental disorders.We report a male infant who presented with dyspnea after birth. Physical examination on admission revealed poor responsiveness, deep eye sockets, a small mandible, abnormalities of the outer ears, and reduced limb muscle tone. The child was moaning with shortness of breath and a positive three-concave sign without pulmonary rales. The heart sounds were weak with a grade 2/6 diastolic heart murmur. Echocardiography showed an enlarged heart with increased trabeculae in the left ventricular muscle wall. X-linked mental retardation syndrome type 34(MRXS34, OMIM# 300967) was diagnosed after exome sequencing showed a c.1131G > A hemizygous variant in the NONO gene. After timely therapy including respiratory support, cardiac glycosides, and diuresis, the child's condition improved and he was discharged at one month of age.A literature review showed that, to date, 22 live births with X-linked mental retardation have been reported. The NONO-related phenotype can be summarized as a neurological and cardiac developmental disorder, which may be accompanied by multisystem malformations. The present case enriches the knowledge of X-linked intellectual developmental syndromes.

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