THE IMPACT OF THE WIND POWER STATIONS ON THE AVIFAUNEI THE SITES OF COMMUNITY IMPORTANCE

Abstract

Modern wind turbines have evolved toward smaller predecessors and uses a sophisticated technology aimed at improving the efficiency and, in large part, are based on the same form. The most frequently used in commercial wind turbines has a generator with horizontal axis, housed in a nacelle located on the tip of a vertical tower and three blades which are rotated in the vertical plane. The nacelle can rotate the tower, ensuring straightening blades always point in the direction of the wind. At present, the new types are in developing countries, such as the vertical axis turbines and turbines flying. Because these types of turbines have not yet come to the commercial production phase, the current review focuses on the usual patterns. The wind parks have an impact on migratory species in both the construction phase, in respect of loss or habitat degradation, hassle habitat, as well as in the operating phase, through direct mortality and clutter (habitat degradation). The migratory species, in the case of which the impact is likely to occur, include fruit bats, terrestrial and marine mammals, birds, fish, crustaceans and squid. In the case in which the number of parks and turbines increases, its impact at the population level at certain migratory species could become significantly. At present, a better understanding of this problem is a major responsibility at international level, in particular in the case of poultry and the bats. The first measures were taken to shape and to assess the effects on the trends of migration and populations which could generate sea wind parks in the North Sea, where they pass important migration paths used by numerous species of birds.

Keywords

• wind turbines
• sites
• the habitat of the migratory species