Functional Modulation of Human Macrophages by Secreted Phospholipases A<sub>2</sub>: Implications in Cancer
Maria Rosaria Galdiero,
Ilaria Mormile,
Francescopaolo Granata,
Stefania Loffredo,
Aikaterini Detoraki,
Francesca Della Casa,
Maria Luisa Trocchia,
Annagioia Ventrici,
Amato de Paulis,
Francesca Wanda Rossi
Affiliations
Maria Rosaria Galdiero
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Ilaria Mormile
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Francescopaolo Granata
Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Clinical Pathology, and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Stefania Loffredo
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Aikaterini Detoraki
Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology, Clinical Pathology, and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Francesca Della Casa
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Maria Luisa Trocchia
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Annagioia Ventrici
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Amato de Paulis
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Francesca Wanda Rossi
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Cancer-related inflammation has recently emerged as an important component of cancer pathogenesis that is able to promote tumor initiation and progression, and the acquisition of the known hallmark capabilities, including evasion from immunosurveillance. Several soluble and cellular mediators participate in tumor microenvironment formation, leading to cancer initiation and progression. In this view, Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal players and, due to their characteristic plasticity, can acquire a variety of distinct phenotypes and contribute in different ways to the different phases of carcinogenesis. Different stimuli have been shown to modulate macrophage polarization. Secreted phospholipase A2 enzymes (sPLA2s) exert multiple biological effects on cancer-related inflammation due to their enzymatic activity and ability to activate inflammatory cells by non-enzymatic mechanisms. Among the different sPLA2 isoforms, several studies have suggested that group IIA and group X are mainly involved in a wide variety of cancer types. A deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating the link between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cancer could lead to identifying new prognostic/predictive biomarkers and a broader view of cancer immunotherapy.
