Illuminating the Molecular Intricacies of Exosomes and ncRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Prospective Therapeutic and Biomarker Potential
Farheen Badrealam Khan,
Shahab Uddin,
Abozer Y. Elderdery,
Khang Wen Goh,
Long Chiau Ming,
Chrismawan Ardianto,
Abdul Rasheed Palakot,
Irfa Anwar,
Mohsina Khan,
Mohammad Owais,
Chih-Yang Huang,
Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam,
Meraj Alam Khan,
Shoaib Shoaib,
Md Khursheed,
Sara Reshadat,
Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani,
Sameer Mirza,
Abbas A. Khaleel,
Mohammed Akli Ayoub
Affiliations
Farheen Badrealam Khan
Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Shahab Uddin
Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
Abozer Y. Elderdery
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Khang Wen Goh
Faculty of Data Sciences and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 78100, Malaysia
Long Chiau Ming
PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
Chrismawan Ardianto
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
Abdul Rasheed Palakot
Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Irfa Anwar
Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Mohsina Khan
Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Mohammad Owais
Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
Chih-Yang Huang
Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
Meraj Alam Khan
Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children & DigiBiomics Inc, Toronto, ON M51X8, Canada
Shoaib Shoaib
Department Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
Md Khursheed
College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
Sara Reshadat
Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513119111, Iran
Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
Imam Hossein Hospital, Madani Street, Tehran 1617763141, Iran
Sameer Mirza
Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Abbas A. Khaleel
Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Mohammed Akli Ayoub
Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Accumulating evidences have highlighted the importance of exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cardiac physiology and pathology. It is in general consensus that exosomes and ncRNAs play a crucial role in the maintenance of normal cellular function; and interestingly it is envisaged that their potential as prospective therapeutic candidates and biomarkers are increasing rapidly. Considering all these aspects, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent understanding of exosomes and ncRNAs in CVDs. We provide a great deal of discussion regarding their role in the cardiovascular system, together with providing a glimpse of ideas regarding strategies exploited to harness their potential as a therapeutic intervention and prospective biomarker against CVDs. Thus, it could be envisaged that a thorough understanding of the intricacies related to exosomes and ncRNA would seemingly allow their full exploration and may lead clinical settings to become a reality in near future.
