Gene Diversity in Seed Orchards of Brutian Pine and Black Pine

Abstract

This study was carried out on 113 seed orchards which of removed 20 orchards established before 2003 of Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) and Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) by collected data from The Research Directorate of Forest Tree Seeds and Tree Breeding of Turkey. Effective number of clones and gene diversity were estimated in the orchards to contribute tending and other management practices of present seed orchards and establishment of the future orchards. While there were large differences among orchards and within species, averages were 40.7 for clone numbers, 32.0 (85.1% of clone number) for effective number of clone, and 0.982 for gene diversity in active seed orchards of Brutian pine. They were 32.3, 28.2 (89.6%) and 0.981 in in active seed orchards of Black pine, respectively. Removed seed orchards had lower averages of clone number, effective number of clone and gene diversity than active seed orchards in the both species opposite to coefficient of variation of ramet numbers used in establishment. Results of the study were discussed for establishment, breeding and tending practices of seed orchards to contribute management of the seed orchards.

Keywords

• genetic
• breeding
• clone
• ramet
• variation