A Study on Left Atrial Function in Patients with Essential Hypertension Using Four-Dimensional Echocardiography

Abstract

Objective Aimed to evaluate patients with essential hypertension (EH) using four-dimensional automatic left atrial quantification (4DLAQ) To assess the occurrence of EH. Methods This study selected 80 patients with EH for the EH group and 36 healthy individuals for the control group. Various cardiac parameters, including left atrial diameter (LAD), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), early E-wave velocity of mitral valve diastole/mitral valve ring myocardial displacement velocity (E/e'), biplanar left ventricular ejection fraction (biplanLVEF), left atrial minimum volume (LAVmin), lateral left atrial maximum volume (LAVmax), left atrial presystolic volume (LAVpreA), left atrial ejection fraction obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (LAEF), left atrial passive ejection fraction (LAPEF), left atrial active ejection fraction (LAAEF), left atrial reservoir longitudinal strain (LASr), left atrial catheter longitudinal strain (LAScd), left atrial systolic longitudinal strain (LASct), left atrial reservoir circular strain (LASr_c), left atrial catheter circular strain (LAScd_c), and left atrial systolic circular strain (LASct_c) were measured using 4DLAQ. Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze the effect of 4DLAQ strain parameters on EH. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive value of 4DLAQ strain parameters for EH. Results Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the EH group were higher than those in the control group (P = 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). In the EH group, LAD, IVST, LVDD, LVPWT, E/e', LAVmin, LAVmax, and LAVpreA were significantly increased (P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.072, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.052, and 0.004, respectively), whereas biplanLVEF, LAEF, LAPEF, LAAEF, LASr, LAScd, LASct, LASr_c, LAScd_c, and LASct_c significantly decreased (P = 0.090, 0.000, 0.009, 0.064, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.689, respectively). Bland-Altman plots were used to illustrate the relationship between variables and audience consensus. LASr and LAScd were identified as independent risk factors for EH. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for LASr was 0.925, (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.879-0.971) with a sensitivity of 80.00%, specificity of 94.44%, using a cut-off value of 20%. For LAScd, the AUC-ROC was 0.878 (95% CI = 0.818-0.939 with a sensitivity of 76.25%, specificity 86.11%, and using a critical value of -11%. Conclusion LASr and LAScd exhibited superior predictive capabilities for EH, with LASr performing the best. This study fills a critical gap in left atrial research and holds significant clinical implications.

Keywords

• |4d echocardiography|base pressure|left atrial function|left atrial strain|left atrial volume