The influence of the exercise on the health coefficient, physical fitness, physical status and efficiency of students in the process of physical training

Abstract

Objective: to assess the influence of various physical exercises (running, skiing, swimming) on the health coefficient, physical fitness, physical status and efficiency of students in the process of physical training. Materials and methods: the study involved 45 students (boys) with average age of 19.46±1.51 years. The study was conducted on the basis of Novokuznetsk Institute (branch office) of the Kemerovo State University during the three years of students’ education in the discipline «Physical Training». Physical efficiency was assessed by Harvard step test and the calculation of the index of Harvard step-test (IHST) that included the control of heart rate (HR) during a recovery period after the subjects underwent a dosed physical exercise. Physical fitness of trial subjects was assessed with control tests to determine the degree of development of basic physical qualities. The health coefficient (HC) was the criterion of adaptation possibilities of the organism and was calculated by the heart rate (HR), arterial pressure (SBP, DBP), body mass (BM), growth (G) and age (A): HC=0.01HR+0,01SBP+0,008DBP+0,014A+ 0,009BM-0,009G-0,27. Physical status was evaluated (morphological and functional studies were performed, the results were assessed according to the following table of Apanasenko G. L., Naumenko R. G.). A comparative assessment of the influence of various physical exercises on the health coefficient, physical fitness, physical status and efficiency of students in the process of physical training was conducted. The method of mathematical statistics was also used. Processing and analysis of data was performed with generally accepted statistical methods taking into account gender and age of the students. Mean values (X) and standard deviation (a) was calculated. The statistical significance of differences was determined by Student's coefficient. Results: all exercises (running, skiing, swimming) have a healing effect on the human body. However, skiing has slightly higher effectiveness than swimming or track and field running. Conclusions: the development of physical qualities has a positive trend in all groups. Dynamics of physical status and efficiency in all studied groups is positive. The most effective physical exercises were found in health recreational skiing.

Keywords

• students
• physical exercise
• efficiency
• physical condition
• physical fitness
• health coefficient