Energy efficiency and decarbonization of cement and foamed glass production through the use of natural active mineral additives (opoka and diatomite)

Abstract

Introduction. In the context of the need to improve energy efficiency and decarbonize cement production, the development of technologies using natural active mineral additives is becoming increasingly relevant. This article examines the use of opoka and diatomite as active additives for producing Portland cement, which allows the clinker content to be reduced by up to 50% while maintaining the operational properties of the cement. Methods and Materials. The research was conducted using electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and energy-dispersive microanalysis. The study analyzed the composition of clinker from SAS-Tobe Technologies, gypsum from the Bagalin deposit, slags from the Novo-Dzhambul Phosphorus Plant, opoka from the Turkestan-Urangay deposit, and diatomite from the Utesai deposit. Physicochemical tests were carried out in the “SAPA” laboratories and at the LLP “SAS-Tobe Technologies” plant. Results and Discussion. The results of the study showed that the addition of opoka and diatomite in a quantity of 15% accelerates mineral formation processes due to the formation of a liquid clinker phase at lower temperatures. This reduces the firing temperature by 100–150 °C, leading to lower energy consumption and improved thermodynamic processes in clinker formation. Conclusion. The introduction of natural mineral additives in Portland cement production reduces clinker content by up to 50%, contributing to energy and resource savings without compromising cement quality. The research results confirm the potential of using opoka and diatomite for decarbonizing the cement industry and increasing its energy efficiency

Keywords

• active mineral additives
• energy saving and decarbonisation
• opoka
• diatomite
• cement production