Soil-protective technologies as an important component of agricultural biologization in the conditions of the Central Polissia of Ukraine

Abstract

In article the comparison of traditional moldboard tillage and soil-protective efficiency of agrotechnologies is given in light gray forest soil. For more objective assessment indicators of soil fertility were defined in sowing of grain and a row crops. It is established that long (27 years) use of technologies which are based on moldboardless tillage in a crop rotation even on options without fertilization provided increase in maintenance of the general humus (mainly at the expense of fraction of the detritus), improvement of some agrophysical and water–physical indicators. Thus, the coefficient of structure degree increased by 16.4%, the water resistance of units increased by 7.8-8.1%, soil hardness decreased by 9.1-9.4 kg/cm2, but soil density did not change significantly. The reserve of productive moisture in a layer of 0-30 cm at the time of crops of a winter wheat was 7.0 mm higher, and before harvesting – by 4.4 mm in comparison to an indicator on plowing. Before planting of potatoes the increase made 6.1 mm, and before harvesting – 3.4 mm in comparison to control. The productivity of cultures did not concede observations at moldboardless tillage to plowing in recent years. However, the air-dry mass of weeds increased significantly in crops of wheat (by 20.9%), and potatoes (by 26.4%).