INFECTIONS TRANSFER FACTORS WITH THE SPREAD OF INTESTINAL DISEASES IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

Abstract

Objective: The study of the waterway transmission as dominant, with the spread of intestinal infections. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the journals for the registration of infectious diseases, maps of epidemiological checkups of typhoid foci, dysentery, diarrheal diseases, infectious hepatitis A (HAV) for 1980-2015, as well as reports of the Republican and regional CSSES (Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance) on infectious diseases were carried out. Results: The dominance of the water factor under conditions of the specific weight of Flexner shigellosis during the period of under study ranged between 75-85%. Compared with typhoid fever and bacterial dysentery, the incidence of diarrhoea in the country during the analyzed period remains at a high enough level – from 629.0 to 1206.3, and in 2015, it rose sharply and reached 2150 per 100 thousand. The indicators for the Regions of Republican Subordination, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region and Khatlon Region varied the broad mass of the population. The performed complex of sanitary-epidemiological evaluation paths and transmission factors identified the dominant value of an aqueous (90%) and a minor role contact-domestic (6.2%) and food (3.8%) of acute intestinal infections transmission routes among the population. Conclusion: Typhoid fever, acute intestinal infections, dysentery, hepatitis A in the Republic of Tajikistan are a typical aquatic infection associated with the constant activity of the waterway transmission, which often causes large epidemic outbreaks.

Keywords

• diarrheal diseases
• intestinal infections
• the source of drinking water-supply.