Dichotomous versus 5-scale grading system for the interpretation of the point-of-care immunoassay for tear matrix metalloproteinase-9 in dry eye

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we compared the dichotomous and 5-scale grading systems for point-of-care immunoassay of tear matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in dry eye disease (DED) patients and identified the optimal dichotomous system to correlate with DED parameters. We included 167 DED patients without primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) (Non-SS DED) and 70 DED patients with pSS (SS DED). We graded MMP-9 expression in InflammaDry® (Quidel, San Diego, CA, USA) using a 5-scale grading system and dichotomous grading systems with four different cut-off grades (D1 to D4 systems). The only DED parameter that showed a significant correlation with the 5-scale grading method was tear osmolarity (Tosm). In both groups, subjects with positive MMP-9 had lower tear secretion and higher Tosm than those with negative MMP-9 according to the D2 dichotomous system. Tosm determined D2 positivity at cutoffs > 340.5 and > 317.5 mOsm/L in the Non-SS DED and SS DED groups, respectively. Tear secretion < 10.5 mm or tear break-up time < 5.5 s stratified D2 positivity in the Non-SS DED group. In conclusion, the dichotomous grading system of InflammaDry reflects ocular surface indices better than the 5-scale grading system and may be more practical in real clinical circumstances.