Spontaneous upper urinary tract rupture due to urolithiasis

Abstract

Introduction. The spontaneous rupture of the upper urinary tract’s cavity system, which includes the pelvicalyceal system and ureter, is sporadic. This phenomenon, where urine unexpectedly leaks out of the cavity system without any apparent cause of trauma or medical intervention, is a fascinating and puzzling aspect of urology. This condition is typically attributed to obstructive uropathy, which leads to increased pressure within the urinary tract. This article illustrates the sporadic occurrence of spontaneous ruptures within the pelvicalyceal system. It underscores the importance of prompt diagnosis and timely treatment to restore wall integrity without significant stenosis. Outlines of cases. We have recorded four cases of spontaneous rupture in urolithiasis, with a median patient age of 47.5 years. The clinical symptoms mimic those of renal colic. Ultrasound, computed tomography scans, and retrograde pyelography were used to diagnose the condition. Treatment consisted of inserting a JJ stent for an average duration of 2.5 months. In all cases, prompt diagnosis and treatment have led to a remarkable restoration of the pelvicalyceal system and the ureter’s wall, with spontaneous absorption of the extravasation and without significant ureteral strictures. Conclusion. The positive outcome underscores the importance of early diagnosis and treatment and offers hope for future cases.

Keywords

• urolithiasis
• spontaneous rupture
• extravasation