Prevalence of metabolic syndrome amongst people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its impacts on the occurrence of diabetic kidney disease

Abstract

Background: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) amongst people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high. Though, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, its association with MetS is not profoundly evaluated in Indian population. Objectives: We aim to assess the prevalence of MetS and evaluate the impact of MetS on the occurrence of DKD amongst people with T2DM. Methods: The demographic, anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, CVD (based on ECG and history of CVD) and DKD (based on e-GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) data of 1037 T2DM was obtained. MetS was defined by NCEP - ATP - III guidelines. Association of DKD was evaluated with other variables including MetS and its components in terms of unadjusted OR. The Odds Ratios were adjusted by considering covariates like age, gender, duration of diabetes and HbA1c in the logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 86.98% (female-91.3%, male-84.5%), DKD 6.85% and CVD 13.5%. Waist circumference contributed the most to MetS (91.69%) followed by HDL-C (71.73%) and TG (63.08%). Age and duration of diabetes showed significant positive association in occurrence of DKD. OR for people with MetS to develop DKD was high in univariate and multivariate analysis, though statistically insignificant. T2DM with hypertension are at higher risk of DKD with OR 2.1957 [95% CI: 1.1618, 4.1496] versus those without hypertension (p = 0.0154). Conclusion: Indian people with T2DM have high prevalence of MetS, where waist and low HDL-cholesterol are major contributors. MetS insignificantly, while hypertension significantly increases the risk of DKD in people with T2DM having MetS.

Keywords

• india
• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• metabolic syndrome
• diabetic kidney disease