Advancing renewable fuel integration: A comprehensive response surface methodology approach for internal combustion engine performance and emissions optimization
Johnny Koh Siaw Paw,
Tiong Sieh Kiong,
Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman,
Abdullah Adam,
Sakinah Hisham,
K. Kadirgama,
D. Ramasamy,
Chong Tak Yaw,
Ahmad Fitri Yusop,
Talal Yusaf,
Hayder A. Dhahad,
F. Benedict
Affiliations
Johnny Koh Siaw Paw
Institute of Sustainable Energy, University Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
Tiong Sieh Kiong
Institute of Sustainable Energy, University Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
Mohd Kamal Kamarulzaman
Advanced Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL) Lab, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Abdullah Adam
Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
Sakinah Hisham
Advanced Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL) Lab, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
K. Kadirgama
Advanced Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL) Lab, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Almaaqal University, Basra, 61003, Iraq
D. Ramasamy
Advanced Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL) Lab, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
Chong Tak Yaw
Institute of Sustainable Energy, University Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia
Ahmad Fitri Yusop
Advanced Nano Coolant-Lubricant (ANCL) Lab, Automotive Engineering Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Pahang, Malaysia
Talal Yusaf
Institute of Sustainable Energy, University Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia; School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, QLD 4008, Australia; Corresponding author. Institute of Sustainable Energy, University Tenaga Nasional, Putrajaya Campus, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia.
Hayder A. Dhahad
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 19006, Iraq
F. Benedict
Enhanced Track, No. 9, Jalan Meranti Jaya 12, Meranti Jaya Industrial Park, Puchong 47120, Malaysia
In the realm of internal combustion engines, there is a growing utilization of alternative renewable fuels as substitutes for traditional diesel and gasoline. This surge in demand is driven by the imperative to diminish fuel consumption and adhere to stringent regulations concerning engine emissions. Sole reliance on experimental analysis is inadequate to effectively address combustion, performance, and emission issues in engines. Consequently, the integration of engine modelling, grounded in machine learning methodologies and statistical data through the response surface method (RSM), has become increasingly significant for enhanced analytical outcomes. This study aims to explore the contemporary applications of RSM in assessing the feasibility of a wide range of renewable alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Initially, the study outlines the fundamental principles and procedural steps of RSM, offering readers an introduction to this multifaceted statistical technique. Subsequently, the study delves into a comprehensive examination of the recent applications of alternative renewable fuels, focusing on their impact on combustion, performance, and emissions in the domain of internal combustion engines. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the advantages and limitations of employing RSM, and discusses the potential of combining RSM with other modelling techniques to optimise results. The overarching objective is to provide a thorough insight into the role and efficacy of RSM in the evaluation of renewable alternative fuels, thereby contributing to the ongoing discourse in the field of internal combustion engines.
