Oleuropein-Rich Leaf Extract as a Broad Inhibitor of Tumour and Macrophage iNOS in an Apc Mutant Rat Model
Jessica Ruzzolini,
Sofia Chioccioli,
Noemi Monaco,
Silvia Peppicelli,
Elena Andreucci,
Silvia Urciuoli,
Annalisa Romani,
Cristina Luceri,
Katia Tortora,
Lido Calorini,
Giovanna Caderni,
Chiara Nediani,
Francesca Bianchini
Affiliations
Jessica Ruzzolini
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Sofia Chioccioli
NEUROFARBA Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
Noemi Monaco
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Silvia Peppicelli
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Elena Andreucci
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Silvia Urciuoli
PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications “Giuseppe Parenti”, Scientific and Technological Pole, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto, Italy
Annalisa Romani
PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis)-DiSIA, Department of Statistics, Informatics, Applications “Giuseppe Parenti”, Scientific and Technological Pole, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto, Italy
Cristina Luceri
NEUROFARBA Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
Katia Tortora
NEUROFARBA Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
Lido Calorini
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Giovanna Caderni
NEUROFARBA Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
Chiara Nediani
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Francesca Bianchini
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Oleuropein, the major compound found in olive leaves, has been reported to exert numerous pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effect of oleuropein-rich leaf extracts (ORLE) in already-developed colon tumours arising in Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) mutated PIRC rats (F344/NTac-Apcam1137). Here, we were able to investigate in parallel the anti-cancer effect of ORLE, both in vivo and in vitro, and its anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages, representing a critical and abundant population in most solid tumour microenvironment. We found that in vivo ORLE treatment promoted apoptosis and attenuated iNOS activity both in colon tumours as in peritoneal macrophages of PIRC rats. We this confirmed in vitro using primary RAW264.7 cells: ORLE reduced iNOS activity in parallel with COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β. These findings suggest that ORLE possess a strong anti-inflammatory activity, which could be crucial for dampening the pro-tumourigenic activity elicited by a chronic inflammatory state generated by either tumour cells or tumour-associated macrophages.
