Applied heat transfer modeling in conventional hybrid (Al₂O₃-CuO)/C₂H₆O₂ and modified-hybrid nanofluids (Al₂O₃-CuO-Fe₃O₄)/C₂H₆O₂ between slippery channel by using least square method (LSM)

Abstract

In this research, a new heat transfer model for ternary nanofluid (Al2O3-CuO-Fe3O4)/C2H6O2 inside slippery converging/diverging channel is reported with innovative effects of dissipation function. This flow situation described by a coupled set of PDEs which reduced to ODEs via similarity and effective ternary nanofluid properties. Then, LSM is successfully coded for the model and achieved the desired results influenced by $ \alpha ,Re,{\gamma }_{1} $ and $ Ec $. It is examined that the fluid movement increases for $ Re $ in the physical range of 30–180 and it drops for diverging channel ($ \alpha > 0 $) when the slippery wall approaches to $ \alpha = {60}^{o} $. The fluid movement is very slow for increasing concentration factor $ {\varphi }_{i} $ for $ i = \mathrm{1,2},3 $ up to 10%. Further, ternary nanofluid temperature boosts rapidly due to inclusion of trinanoparticles thermal conductivity and dissipation factor ($ Ec = \mathrm{0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.6} $) also contributes significantly. Moreover, the temperature is maximum about the center of the channel ($ \eta = 0 $) and slip effects ($ {\gamma }_{1} = \mathrm{0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6} $) on the channel walls lead to decrement in the temperature $ \beta \left(\eta \right) $.

Keywords

• heat transfer
• hybrid nanofluids
• modified hybrid nanofluids
• (al₂o₃， cuo， fe₃o₄) nanoparticles
• converging/diverging channel
• least square method