Numerical investigation on MHD forchheimer flow of Fe3O4−H2O, Cu−H2O and Ag−H2O nanofluids over permeable stretching sheet with radiation

Abstract

This work investigates the MHD flow of three chemically reactive nanofluids Fe3O4−H2O, Cu−H2O and Ag−H2O over a stretching sheet with the effects of Forchheimer number and thermal radiation. A fourth order RK-shooting technique is used to solve the governing system equations, which has been turned into a non-linear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. The various output values related to the three nano particles are displayed using plots and tables. The various outputs displayed are velocity, temperature and concentration. While the temperature and concentration are seen to increase with the Forchheimer number's intensification, the liquid's velocity is seen to decrease. Temperature increases for large values of thermal radiation, trend is opposite for concentration. For greater Forchheimer number, decreasing trend in the Skin friction and the rate of heat and mass transfer is noted. Greater radiation increases the mass transfer rate and decreases the heat transfer rate. Interestingly, Fe3O4−H2O nanofluid beat the target velocity, be subsequent Cu−H2O and Ag−H2O nanofluids, though the temperature profile exhibits the dissimilar behaviour. This model has achieved excellent validation with the existing literature.

Keywords

• Stretching sheet
• MHD flow
• Shooting method
• Forchheimer number
• Thermal radiation