Evaluation of microplastics isolated from sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides in Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia
Nurzafirah Mazlan,
Sarah Syazwani Shukhairi,
Miftahul Jannah Muhammad Husin,
Jemimah Shalom,
Safaa Najah Saud,
Muhammad Shirwan Abdullah Sani,
Meng Chuan Ong,
Naveen Kumar Naidu Chandra Mohan,
Nor Asyikin Sopian
Affiliations
Nurzafirah Mazlan
Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Sarah Syazwani Shukhairi
Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Miftahul Jannah Muhammad Husin
Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Management and Science University (MSU), 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Jemimah Shalom
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Safaa Najah Saud
Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, Management and Science University (MSU), 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Muhammad Shirwan Abdullah Sani
International Institute for Halal Research and Training, Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Meng Chuan Ong
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Naveen Kumar Naidu Chandra Mohan
Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Management and Science University (MSU), 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Nor Asyikin Sopian
Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Management and Science University (MSU), 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Information Sciences and Engineering, Management and Science University (MSU), 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute for Halal Research and Training, Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia
Plastic pollution is an emerging environmental concern in recent years due to continuous mass production and its slow degradation. Microplastics measuring between 5 mm and 1 μm are being ingested by marine animals and eventually by human consumption in form of seafood. The aim of this research was to evaluate microplastics isolated from sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides in Pulau Langkawi. A total of 20 animals were collected and their gastrointestinal tract were digested using NaOH. Microplastics were isolated, filtered and identified through microscopic examination based on the colour, shape and size. The chemical composition of microplastics were further analyzed by FTIR to identify the functional group of polymers. A total of 1652 microplastics were found in A. molpadioides. Fibres (99.4%) and black color (54.4%) were the majority of microplastics observed in terms of shapes and colors. The size range within 0.5–1 μm and 1–2 μm were the highest abundance observed. There were two identified polymer types of microplastics obtained through FTIR which were polyethylene (PE) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). In conclusion, microplastics were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of A. molpadioides indicating that the animals were contaminated. Further research can be done on the toxicity effects of these microplastics towards human upon consumption of these animals as seafood.
