Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori protease HtrA found by 'virtual ligand' screening combat bacterial invasion of epithelia.

Abstract

BackgroundThe human pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a main cause for gastric inflammation and cancer. Increasing bacterial resistance against antibiotics demands for innovative strategies for therapeutic intervention.Methodology/principal findingsWe present a method for structure-based virtual screening that is based on the comprehensive prediction of ligand binding sites on a protein model and automated construction of a ligand-receptor interaction map. Pharmacophoric features of the map are clustered and transformed in a correlation vector ('virtual ligand') for rapid virtual screening of compound databases. This computer-based technique was validated for 18 different targets of pharmaceutical interest in a retrospective screening experiment. Prospective screening for inhibitory agents was performed for the protease HtrA from the human pathogen H. pylori using a homology model of the target protein. Among 22 tested compounds six block E-cadherin cleavage by HtrA in vitro and result in reduced scattering and wound healing of gastric epithelial cells, thereby preventing bacterial infiltration of the epithelium.Conclusions/significanceThis study demonstrates that receptor-based virtual screening with a permissive ('fuzzy') pharmacophore model can help identify small bioactive agents for combating bacterial infection.