UV Exposure during Cycling as a Function of Solar Elevation and Orientation
Philipp Weihs,
Sarah Helletzgruber,
Sofie Kranewitter,
Lara Langer,
Zacharias Lumerding,
Viktoria Luschin,
Philipp Schmidt,
Jakob Heydenreich,
Alois W. Schmalwieser
Affiliations
Philipp Weihs
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Sarah Helletzgruber
Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
Sofie Kranewitter
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Lara Langer
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Zacharias Lumerding
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Viktoria Luschin
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Philipp Schmidt
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
Jakob Heydenreich
Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
Alois W. Schmalwieser
Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
Although cycling is the most prevalent means of locomotion in the world, little research has been done in evaluating the ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure of cyclists. In this study, a volunteer using a men’s bike was equipped with 10 miniature UV-meters at different body sites. Besides erythemally effective irradiance, the ratio of personal UV exposure to ambient UV radiation was determined for solar elevations up to 65°, taking into account different orientations with respect to the sun. This method provides a universal model that allows for the calculation of UV exposure whenever ambient UV radiation and solar elevation are available. Our results show that the most exposed body sites are the back, forearm, upper arm, and anterior thigh, receiving between 50% and 75% of ambient UV radiation on average. For certain orientations, this percentage can reach 105% to 110%. However, the risk of UV overexposure depends on ambient UV radiation. At lower solar elevations (<40°), the risk of UV overexposure clearly decreases.
