Relative Validity and Reproducibility of a Dietary Screening Tool in Nigerian Health Care

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and cardiovascular disease burden are rising rapidly in Nigeria. This trend is partly attributed to a transition from healthy to unhealthy dietary patterns. However, health care professionals lack a dietary screening tool to assess patient dietary intake and offer personalized dietary advice. Objectives: We aimed to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that can quickly and accurately assess regional dietary intake for use by health care professionals in a hospital setting in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods: We recruited 58 patients from a single hospital in Nigeria. The FFQ was administered at baseline and again after 3 wk. To evaluate the validity of the FFQ, we used 3 repeated and nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls (24DR) as a reference method. Spearman rank correlations, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, cross-classification, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland–Altman analysis were performed in R software version 4.3.1 to assess the relative validity and reproducibility. Results: The mean correlation coefficient (rs) between the FFQ and 24DR was 0.60 (P 0.05), except for fats and oils (P 96% of observations within the acceptable limits of agreement for all food groups. For reproducibility, the ICC ranged from 0.31 for stew to 0.98 for fruit, with an mean ICC of 0.77 between the FFQs delivered 2 wk apart. Conclusions: Our results support the use of the FFQ as a valid and reliable tool for ranking intakes of certain food groups among patients in a hospital setting in Nigeria.The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05973760.

Keywords

• dietary assessment
• food frequency questionnaire
• Nigeria
• validity
• reproducibility
• 24-h dietary recalls