Kinetochore and ionomic adaptation to whole-genome duplication in Cochlearia shows evolutionary convergence in three autopolyploids
Sian M. Bray,
Tuomas Hämälä,
Min Zhou,
Silvia Busoms,
Sina Fischer,
Stuart D. Desjardins,
Terezie Mandáková,
Chris Moore,
Thomas C. Mathers,
Laura Cowan,
Patrick Monnahan,
Jordan Koch,
Eva M. Wolf,
Martin A. Lysak,
Filip Kolar,
James D. Higgins,
Marcus A. Koch,
Levi Yant
Affiliations
Sian M. Bray
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; The John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
Tuomas Hämälä
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Min Zhou
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Silvia Busoms
The John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Department of Plant Physiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Sina Fischer
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Stuart D. Desjardins
Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
Terezie Mandáková
Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Chris Moore
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Thomas C. Mathers
Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
Laura Cowan
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Patrick Monnahan
The John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
Jordan Koch
The John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
Eva M. Wolf
Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Martin A. Lysak
Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Filip Kolar
Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
James D. Higgins
Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
Marcus A. Koch
Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Levi Yant
The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Botany, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801 Prague, Czech Republic; Corresponding author
Summary: Whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurs in all kingdoms and impacts speciation, domestication, and cancer outcome. However, doubled DNA management can be challenging for nascent polyploids. The study of within-species polyploidy (autopolyploidy) permits focus on this DNA management aspect, decoupling it from the confounding effects of hybridization (in allopolyploid hybrids). How is autopolyploidy tolerated, and how do young polyploids stabilize? Here, we introduce a powerful model to address this: the genus Cochlearia, which has experienced many polyploidization events. We assess meiosis and other polyploid-relevant phenotypes, generate a chromosome-scale genome, and sequence 113 individuals from 33 ploidy-contrasting populations. We detect an obvious autopolyploidy-associated selection signal at kinetochore components and ion transporters. Modeling the selected alleles, we detail evidence of the kinetochore complex mediating adaptation to polyploidy. We compare candidates in independent autopolyploids across three genera separated by 40 million years, highlighting a common function at the process and gene levels, indicating evolutionary flexibility in response to polyploidy.
