International Journal of Public Health (Nov 2023)
COVID-19 Vaccination Among Diverse Population Groups in the Northern Governorates of Iraq
- Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari,
- Falah Wadi,
- Khalid Anwar Hama-Ghareeb,
- Fatah H. Fatah,
- Mostafa Hosseini,
- Karzan Rafiq Wale,
- David Hipgrave,
- Sazan Raouf Ali,
- Shaho Osman Mahmood,
- Waleed Ezzat Khadium,
- Hayman Hasan Mohammed,
- Sara Feal Jaafer,
- Najeeb Mohammed Al Saadi,
- Kardar Anwar Mohammed,
- Shireen Salih Saeed,
- Mohammad Yousif Mohammad,
- Waleed Hamid Khudhur,
- Mohammed Wael Saleh,
- Yousra Saadi Sheat,
- Khaldoon Khaleel Ibrahim,
- Marwa Nabeil Salah,
- Abdulmonem Hazim Abdullah,
- Dashne Shamall Omer,
- Rafeeq Naseraldeen Ghafur,
- Kashma Ali Mustafa,
- Aryan Othman Faraj,
- Trifa Bhjat Ali,
- Kamal Aziz Enayat,
- Ronak Assi Wahab,
- Ibrahim Ahmed Ali Al-Jaf,
- Nazanin Hama Hama Amin,
- Dina Dlshad Jaff,
- Aram Mohammed Bra,
- Shwan Kanabi Ahmed,
- Banaz Nabi Rasool,
- Fatimah Khalis Jamal,
- Tango Dhahir Mohammed,
- Maryam Arab Azeez
Affiliations
- Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Falah Wadi
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Baghdad, Iraq
- Khalid Anwar Hama-Ghareeb
- Research Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Fatah H. Fatah
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Karzan Rafiq Wale
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- David Hipgrave
- United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), Iraq Country Office, Baghdad, Iraq
- Sazan Raouf Ali
- Department of Planning, Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Shaho Osman Mahmood
- Surgical Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Waleed Ezzat Khadium
- Public Health Department, Kirkuk Health Directorate, Kirkuk, Iraq
- Hayman Hasan Mohammed
- Public Health Department, Kirkuk Health Directorate, Kirkuk, Iraq
- Sara Feal Jaafer
- Public Health Department, Kirkuk Health Directorate, Kirkuk, Iraq
- Najeeb Mohammed Al Saadi
- 0Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
- Kardar Anwar Mohammed
- 0Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
- Shireen Salih Saeed
- 0Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
- Mohammad Yousif Mohammad
- 0Expanded Program on Immunization Section—Mother and Child Healthcare Department, Directorate of Preventive Health Affairs, Duhok, Iraq
- Waleed Hamid Khudhur
- 1Public Health Department, Ninawa Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
- Mohammed Wael Saleh
- 1Public Health Department, Ninawa Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
- Yousra Saadi Sheat
- 1Public Health Department, Ninawa Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
- Khaldoon Khaleel Ibrahim
- 1Public Health Department, Ninawa Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
- Marwa Nabeil Salah
- 1Public Health Department, Ninawa Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
- Abdulmonem Hazim Abdullah
- 1Public Health Department, Ninawa Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
- Dashne Shamall Omer
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Rafeeq Naseraldeen Ghafur
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Kashma Ali Mustafa
- 2Ministry of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Aryan Othman Faraj
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Trifa Bhjat Ali
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Kamal Aziz Enayat
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Ronak Assi Wahab
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Ibrahim Ahmed Ali Al-Jaf
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Nazanin Hama Hama Amin
- Directorate of Preventive Health Department, General Directorate of Health, Sulaimani, Iraq
- Dina Dlshad Jaff
- 3Erbil General Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq
- Aram Mohammed Bra
- 3Erbil General Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq
- Shwan Kanabi Ahmed
- 3Erbil General Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq
- Banaz Nabi Rasool
- 3Erbil General Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq
- Fatimah Khalis Jamal
- 3Erbil General Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq
- Tango Dhahir Mohammed
- 3Erbil General Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq
- Maryam Arab Azeez
- 3Erbil General Directorate of Health, Erbil, Iraq
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605736
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 68
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate COVID-19 vaccination coverage among populations of internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees, and host communities in northern Iraq and the related underlying factors.Methods: Through a cross-sectional study conducted in five governorates in April–May 2022, 4,564 individuals were surveyed. Data were collected through an adapted questionnaire designed to gather data on participants.Results: 4,564 subjects were included (59.55% were 19–45 years old; 54.51% male). 50.48% of the participants (51.49% of host communities, 48.83% of IDPs, and 45.87% of refugees) had been vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. 40.84% of participants (42.28% of host communities, 35.75% of IDPs, and 36.14% of refugees) had been vaccinated by two doses, and 1.56% (1.65% of host communities, 0.93% of IDPs, and 1.46% of refugees) were vaccinated with three doses.Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors including age, gender, education, occupation, and nationality could affect vaccination coverage. Moreover, higher acceptance rate of vaccination is associated with belief in vaccine safety and effectiveness and trust in the ability of the vaccine to prevent complications.
Keywords
- coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- COVID-19 vaccine
- vaccine hesitancy
- sociodemographic factors
- vaccination acceptance