House-Level Risk Factors for Aedes aegypti Infestation in the Urban Center of Castilla la Nueva, Meta State, Colombia

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of the dengue virus in Colombia. Some factors have been associated with its presence; however, in the local context, it has not been sufficiently evaluated. The present study seeks to identify the socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors associated with the presence and abundance of A. aegypti in urban dwellings in the municipality of Castilla la Nueva. A cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in houses in the urban area of the municipality of Castilla la Nueva, where 307 houses were sampled by systematic random sampling during May 2018. A multifactorial survey was used to measure the socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors as explanatory variables. The infestation and relative abundance were established by the presence of larval stages and ovitraps. The associated factors for the presence and abundance of A. aegypti were identified using negative binomial and logistic regression models. A positive housing infestation of 33.2% was identified by direct inspection and 78.5% with ovitraps. The main factors positively associated with the presence and abundance of A. aegypti were one-story homes (PR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.31–3.87), the storage of water for domestic use (PR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18–3.09), and local conditions such as disorganized backyard (PR = 79.95; 95% CI: 10.96–583.24) and the proportion of shade greater than 50% of the backyard (PR = 62.32; 95% CI: 6.47–600.32). And, it is negatively associated with residential gas service (PR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.16–0.58) and self-administered internal fumigation (PR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.2–0.69). The presence and abundance of A. aegypti were explained by interrelated socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral factors where local conditions and habits such as the organization of the patio, knowledge about vector biology, and cleaning containers are identified as main topics for future prevention strategies for the transmission of dengue in the local and national context.