Upper airway resistance during use of a laryngeal mask airway is flow-dependent and dominated by the laryngeal resistance

Abstract

Abstract During use of a laryngeal mask airway, resistance of the device and larynx contribute to the upper airway resistance. Detailed understanding of this combined resistance is crucial to support spontaneously breathing patients appropriately or to take the right measures during respiratory problems. However, their resistive behavior and which of these components determine the upper airway resistance predominantly, has not been characterized systematically. Pressure-flow-relationships of different sizes of a laryngeal mask airway, of a laryngeal model with vocal cord angles between 10° and 60° and of the combination of a laryngeal mask airway size 4 and the laryngeal model were measured. Results were fitted to the expanded Rohrer’s equation and resistances were calculated. The laryngeal mask airway and the laryngeal model showed a nonlinear flow-dependent resistive behavior. Decreasing size of the laryngeal mask airway, decreasing vocal cord angles, and increasing flow rates resulted in increased resistances (all p < 0.001). Resistance of the laryngeal mask and the laryngeal model added up to the combined resistance in a summative way, where the vocal cord angle determines 59–98% of the combined resistance in adults. The upper airway resistance during the use of a laryngeal mask airway is a summative resistance with a flow-dependent, nonlinear behavior. Upper airway resistance in adults is primarily determined by the vocal cord angle during use of a laryngeal mask.

Keywords

• Laryngeal mask airway
• Upper airway resistance
• Laryngeal resistance
• Combined resistance
• Flow dependant resistance