Examination of disparities in prehospital encounters for pediatric asthma exacerbations

Abstract

Abstract Introduction There are disparities in multiple aspects of pediatric asthma care; however, prehospital care disparities are largely undescribed. This study's objective was to examine racial and geographic disparities in emergency medical services (EMS) medication administration to pediatric patients with asthma. Methods This is a substudy of the Early Administration of Steroids in the Ambulance Setting: An Observational Design Trial, which includes data from pediatric asthma patients ages 2–18 years. We examined rates of EMS administration of systemic corticosteroids and inhaled bronchodilators by patient race. We geocoded EMS scene addresses, characterized the locations’ neighborhood‐based conditions and resources relevant to children using the Child Opportunity Index (COI) 2.0, and analyzed associations between EMS scene address COI with medications administered by EMS. Results A total of 765 patients had available racial data and 825 had scene addresses that were geocoded to a COI. EMS administered at least 1 bronchodilator to 84.7% (n = 492) of non‐White patients and 83.2% of White patients (n = 153), P = 0.6. EMS administered a systemic corticosteroid to 19.4% (n = 113) of non‐White patients and 20.1% (n = 37) of White patients, P = 0.8. There was a significant difference in bronchodilator administration between COI categories of low/very low versus moderate/high/very high (85.0%, n = 485 vs. 75.9%, n = 192, respectively, P = 0.003). Conclusions There were no racial differences in EMS administration of medications to pediatric asthma patients. However, there were significantly higher rates of EMS bronchodilator administration for encounters in low/very low COIs. That latter finding may reflect inequities in asthma exacerbation severity for patients living in disadvantaged areas.

Keywords

• asthma
• Child Opportunity Index
• emergency medical services
• health disparities
• pediatric