Brain MRI findings in non-ketotic hyperglycemic crisis: Case report

Abstract

Introduction: Seizures related to metabolic disorders are common phenomena in many clinical contexts. However, clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings in the context of a hyperglycemic crisis are less frequent phenomena with unclear pathophysiology. Case report: A 68-year-old man presented focal seizures and right homonymous hemianopsia after a non-ketotic hyperglycemic crisis. Brain MRI showed cortical diffusion restriction and subcortical T2 / FLAIR hypointensity in left occipital, temporal (mesial) and parietal lobes. Spectroscopy was performed showing a nonspecific pattern, cerebrospinal fluid was normal and there was improvement with glycemic control. MRI findings were considered secondary to the hyperglycemic crisis. Conclusion: Non-ketotic hyperglycemic states can manifest with several rare neurological alterations and recognizing them early is of vital importance given their potential reversibility. As in other metabolic disorders, epileptic seizures in this context can have focal-type characteristics. Although pathophysiological mechanisms are not clearly elucidated yet, multiple neuroimaging techniques promise to establish patterns that allow accurate and timely diagnosis.

Keywords

• Hyperglycemia
• Seizures
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging