Ice forces acting on towed ship in level ice with straight drift. Part II: Numerical simulation

Abstract

A numerical method is proposed to simulate level ice interaction with ship in transverse and longitudinal directions in time domain. A novel method is proposed to simulate non-symmetric transverse force in a stochastic way. On the basis of observations from the model tests, the simulation of longitudinal force combines the ice bending force acting on the waterline, submersion force below the waterline and ice friction forces caused by transverse force and ice floes rotation amidships. In the simulations the ship was fixed and towed through an intact ice sheet at a certain speed. The setup of the numerical simulation is similar to the ice tank setup as much as possible. The simulated results are compared with model tests data and the results show good agreement with the measurement. Keywords: Numerical simulation, Level ice, Ice force, Comparison