SnFe₂O₄/ZnIn₂S₄/PVDF piezophotocatalyst with improved photocatalytic hydrogen production by synergetic effects of heterojunction and piezoelectricity

Abstract

The polarized electric field inside piezoelectric materials has been proven to be a promising technique to boost photogenerated charge separation. Herein, a novel flexible SnFe2O4/ZnIn2S4/polyvinylidene fluoride ((CH2CF2)n, PVDF) (P–SZ) film piezophotocatalyst was successfully synthesized by combining PVDF, an organic piezoelectric material, with a SnFe2O4/ZnIn2S4 (SFO/ZIS) type II heterojunction photocatalyst. The hydrogen evolution rate of SFO/ZIS heterojunction with a SFO content of 5% is about 846.79 μmol·h−1·g−1, which is 3.6 times that of pristine ZIS. Furthermore, after being combined with PVDF, the optimum hydrogen evolution rate of P–SZ is about 1652.7 μmol·h−1·g−1 in the presence of ultrasound, which exceeds that of 5% SFO/ZIS by an approximate factor of 2.0. Based on experimental results, the mechanism of the improved photocatalytic performance of P–SZ was proposed on the basis of the piezoelectric field in PVDF and the formed heterojunction between SFO and ZIS, which effectively boosted the separation of photoinduced charges. This work provides an efficient strategy for multi-path collection and utilization of natural solar and vibrational energy to enhance photoactivity.

Keywords

• heterojunction
• piezophotocatalysis
• snfe₂o₄ (sfo)
• znin₂s₄ (zis)
• polyvinylidene fluoride ((ch₂cf₂)_{<italic>n</italic>}, pvdf) film