Bolʹ, Sustavy, Pozvonočnik (Mar 2020)

Clinical and pathogenetic features of low bone mass in postmenopausal women

  • O.V. Syniachenko,
  • F.V. Klymovytsky,
  • D.M. Moroziuk,
  • M.V. Iermolaieva,
  • K.V. Liventsova

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-1507.10.2.2020.206946
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10, no. 2
pp. 101 – 105

Abstract

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Background. Low bone mass (LBM) in the form of osteopenia (Op) and osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most pres­sing public health problems. Рostmenopausal period in women is considered the main risk factor for the development of the pathological process. Objective of the research was to assess the clinical and pathogenetic features of LBM in women with menopause. Materials and methods. 261 non-menstruating women with an average age of 48 years were observed, physiological menopause occurred in 91 % of cases, and pathological in the rest. Exclusion criteria were women with inflammatory rheumatic diseases of the joints, oncological pathology, diseases of the blood system and thyroid gland, who received glucocorticoid hormones and anticonvulsants. In 133 (51 %) women, LBM (main group) was established in the ratio Op and ОР 4 : 1; diagnosis being made by the methods of conventional radiography and densitometry. Among the markers of bone metabolism, the following were used: blood levels of parathyrin (parathyroid hormone), calcitonin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, and osteo-associated chemical elements. During the examination, biochemical, enzyme immunoassay, atomic emission and atomic absorption methods were used. Results. The age of women correlates with the parameters of bone mineral density, and the LBM in all ca­ses is associated with high blood levels of osteocalcin, in 1/2 of them — osteopontin, depends on the presence of comorbid primary arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. OP formation significantly differs from Op in higher blood levels of parathyrin (by 47 %), alkaline phosphatase (by 19 %), phosphorus (by 9 %) and lead (by 27 %), but lower calcium values (by 4 %), moreover, the acti­vity of alkaline phosphatase has predictive negative significance in relation to the severity of the LBM. Calcitonin, magnesium, strontium and zinc also participate in the pathogenetic constructions of the latter. Conclusions. LBM develops in every second postmenopau­sal woman, and the further development of pathogenetic therapy should be aimed at correcting the concentration of osteocalcin and osteopontin in the body, and inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity may be a criterion for the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

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