Adolescent transition preparation around the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: To compare preparation for transition in adolescents in the United States prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: We used data from the 2019 and 2021 National Survey of Children’s Health to compare transition preparation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents who had a medical care visit within the preceding year, controlled for relevant potential confounders. The association of demographic factors and survey year with a composite measure of adequate transition preparation was evaluated using univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The difference in transition preparation was not significant when comparing 2019 to 2021 (9.25 % in 2019 vs. 8.67 % in 2021, p = .556), despite changes in potential confounders, such as worse caregiver mental or emotional health and fewer adolescents having insurance or a usual source of preventive care. Older adolescents (odds ratio for each year 1.321, 95 % confidence interval 1.196 – 1.459), females (odds ratio 1.153, 95 % confidence interval 1.02 – 1.304) were more likely to have received adequate transition preparation. Adolescents from Spanish-speaking homes were less likely than adolescents from English-speaking homes to have received adequate transition preparation (odds ratio 0.529, 95 % confidence interval 0.329 – 0.849). Conclusions: The proportion of adolescents in the United States who received adequate preparation to transition to adult care did not change during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in both years studied, only a small minority of adolescents in the United States were adequately prepared.

Keywords

• Children with special healthcare needs
• Access to healthcare
• Social determinants of health
• Health care transition