The staining results of early gastric cancer by indigo carmine chromoendoscopy associated with histological structure: a retrospective study

Abstract

Abstract Background At present, conventional endoscopy and chromoendoscopy using indigo carmine (IC) is a very useful method to determine the demarcation line (DL) of early gastric cancer lesions, but it is not suitable for all lesions. Aims This study aimed to determine the applicable conditions for IC chromoendoscopy. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 187 lesions in 181 patients who had an endoscopic diagnosis of EGC and were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). According to the existence of the DL between the lesion mucosa and normal mucosa with IC chromoendoscopy, the lesions were divided into two groups: clear group and unclear group. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated in each group. From January 2022 to March 2023, the postoperative pathological sections of 19 lesions (81 slices) in the clear group and 19 lesions (80 slices) in unclear group were scanned with high definition, and the crypt structure between the two groups was evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in clinical factors between the clear group and unclear group. There were significant differences in crypt area, crypt length, and crypt opening diameter between the two groups. In the clear group, there were significant differences in crypt area, crypt length, and crypt opening diameter between the normal area and cancer area, but there was no significant difference in the unclear group. Conclusions The margins of lesions with fused or absent crypt structures, a small crypt area, a short crypt length, and a short crypt opening diameter can be easily determined with IC chromoendoscopy.

Keywords

• Early gastric cancer
• Endoscopic submucosal dissection
• Indigo Carmine
• Chromoendoscopy