Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион: Медицинские науки (Oct 2023)
Evaluation of the nephrons number in children with congenital pathology of the cardiovascular system
Abstract
Background. The purpose of the study is to determine the dynamics of growth and differentiation of cortical and perimedullary nephrons in children with pathology of the cardiovascular system. Materials and methods. We researched the histological material of the kidneys painted by hematoxylin-eosin and obtained from postmortem, from pediatric patients with congenital heart disease (open foramen ovale, ventricular septal defect and without pathology this patients has age range from 0 to 12 months) patients divided into three age groups (0‒2, 4‒6, 10‒12 months). During microscopy, the number of nephrons in the field of view in the subcortical zone and separately in the perimedullary zone of the cortical substance was counted, the data obtained were subjected to statistical processing. Results. In patients without pathology of the cardiovascular system, the differentiation of subcortical nephrons during the first year of life occurs linearly. There is a clear trend towards a decrease in the number of nephrons per unit area with age. The development of pericerebral nephrons in the same group up to 6 months is similar, but by the age of 10‒12 months, the number of bodies of perimedullary nephrons per conventional unit of area increases to values determined at 2 months of age. Conclusions. In patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system, the dynamics of differentiation of nephrons in the subcapsular zone differs from those found in the first group and repeats the dynamics of differentiation of perimedullary nephrons. The presence of congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system during the first year of a child's life leads to changes in the differentiation of the renal parenchyma. In children without pathology of the cardiovascular system, there is a decrease in the number of nephrons per conventional unit of area during the first year of life. Changes in the differentiation of nephrons in the subcapsular zone of the kidneys in the presence of congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system can become one of the pathogenetic stages in the development of arterial hypertension.
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