Olutasidenib: A ray of hope in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is one of the most common and life-threatening forms of blood cancer spreading worldwide. AML is characterized by some common sign and symptoms including fever, fatigue, easy bruising/bleeding, and sometimes with major differentiation syndrome. The pathogenesis of AML is attributed to the extreme differentiation of abnormally proliferated myeloid cell i.e., myeloblasts. Due to the cytotoxic potential of available chemical agents towards healthy cell, there is emerging need to develop target based selective medication with least adverse effects. Olutasidenib, is a quinoline-2-one analogue that selectively binds to mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 to resist the formation of oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) and hence, leads to cancerous cell apoptosis. Olutasidenib was approved on December 1, 2022, by FDA with the brand name Rezlidhea as one of the effective treatments against acute myeloid leukaemia via targeting IDH1m gene. In this review, a comprehensive report has been derived on olutasidenib with keen emphasis on pathophysiology of AML, mechanism of action, adverse effects along with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics aspects of olutasidenib. Also, this review is focused on different clinical trials associated with the drug. Olutasidenib is a mutant IDH1 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1) inhibitor with significant potential in the management of acute myeloid leukaemia.

Keywords

• Olutasidenib
• Mutant IDH1
• Leukaemia
• Myeloblast
• Rezlidhea