The Assessment of Iodine Concentrations in Colostrum and Breast Milk Using ICP-MS: The Impact of Delivery Type, Thyroid Function and Gestational Diabetes—A Pilot Study
Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł,
Paulina Moniak,
Paweł Zagrodzki,
Ryszard Lauterbach,
Hubert Huras,
Magdalena Staśkiewicz,
Mirosław Krośniak,
Paweł Paśko,
Robert Podsiadły,
Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek
Affiliations
Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Paulina Moniak
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Paweł Zagrodzki
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Ryszard Lauterbach
Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Kopernika 23, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
Hubert Huras
Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Kopernika 23, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
Magdalena Staśkiewicz
Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, Kopernika 23, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
Mirosław Krośniak
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Paweł Paśko
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Robert Podsiadły
Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
Justyna Dobrowolska-Iwanek
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Considering the spectrum of benefits of breast milk feeding, determining the essential components of an infant’s only food-mother’s milk-seems justified, especially in the case of those whose deficiency (e.g., iodine) may result in developmental disorders. The main aim of this study was the determination of the total iodine content of breast milk (including colostrum and mature milk). A secondary objective was to assess the influence of factors such as the type of delivery, hypothyroidism, gestational diabetes or the stage of lactation on this parameter. The study materials were colostrum and milk after 1 (n = 14), 2 and 3 months (n = 8) of lactation with a range of iodine concentrations (µg/L): 195–1648 and 170–842, 174–650 and 273–751, respectively. Iodine was determined using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis revealed, e.g., that delivery by caesarean section or dose of L-thyroxine taken by women to normalise thyroid hormones, had a significant effect on iodine concentrations in breast milk. Further research aimed at assessing the quality of breast milk should also include determining the factors influencing it.
