Demographic Factors Associated with Anterior Tibial Tendon Pathology

Abstract

Category: Sports, tendon Introduction/Purpose: The tibialis anterior serves an important role in ankle motion as it provides the majority of strength with dorsiflexion. Despite the importance of this muscle, there is a relative dearth of information regarding risk factors and demographic information that might predispose people to tendinopathy or rupture. The goal of this study is to further investigate the features of patients in a single institution who presented with either tibialis anterior tendinopathy or rupture. We also examined the ways in which these patient characteristics might differ in traumatic (patient remembers feeling a pop after a specific activity) versus atraumatic tendon ruptures (happened spontaneously without patient realizing). Methods: We used ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes to find patients who presented with tibialis anterior pathology to two foot and ankle surgeons at one academic medical center from 2007-2018. We made note of patient characteristics such as age, gender, BMI, and medical comorbidities. Physical examination findings, such as gastrocnemius equinus, were noted as well. Characteristics of patients with traumatic and atraumatic tibialis anterior ruptures were compared using Student’s T-tests and chi-squared tests. Results: The characteristics of 93 consecutive patients between 2007 and 2018 were analyzed. There were 80 cases of tendinopathy, and 13 cases of tibialis anterior rupture. The average age of our patient group was 56 years, and the ratio of female to male was 73:20 (3.67:1). The average BMI was 27.2 kg/m2. 15 patients had a gastrocnemius equinus (16%). 75 patients had a neutral arch (81%), 16 patients had pes planus (17%), and two patients had pes cavus (2%). With regards to those who ruptured, there were two traumatic ruptures and 11 atraumatic ruptures. Average age for traumatic rupture was 39 years compared to 73 for atraumatic rupture (p.05). Conclusion: Our study investigates the features of patients in a single institution who presented with tibialis anterior pathology. This pathology was much more common in women and generally occurred in an older cohort. With regards to tendon ruptures, though, younger patients tend to suffer traumatic ruptures, while older patients are more likely to suffer more degenerative ruptures that required less energy for tensile failure of the tendon.