Materials and methods of bone tissue engineering

Abstract

The bone tissue engineering seeks alternative solution to the problem of skeletal injuries. Creation of a tissue-engineered equivalent of a bone tissue using multipotent cells, matrixes carriers of these cells and osteogenic factors is the cornerstone of this method. The process of creation of tissue-engineered bone analog begins with the production of a matrix for cell cultivation. The paper presents the review of the most promising materials and methods used for production of cellular matrices. The modern materials used in creation of cellular matrices replicate the groups of substances composing the natural extracellular bone matrix. Modern technologies of creation of cellular matrices seek to imitate a structure of natural extracellular bone matrix at the micro- and nano-levels. Simulating natural composition and structure is necessary to create optimum conditions for cell activity on a device, as well for creation of favorable physic-mechanical properties of the matrix.

Keywords

• bone tissue engineering
• cellular matrix
• electrospinning
• 3d printing
• synthetic biodegradable polymers
• com- pounds of natural extracellular bone matrix
• signaling molecules