Eco-Feminism and contemporary Urdu Novel

Abstract

Eco-Criticism is related not only to nature but also it has its connection with science and humanities. According to ideological discourse, ecofeminism is an extension of feminisms. A thing which common in woman and nature is that both possess motherhood in themsleves. Basic philosophical tenets of ecofeminism believe that the powers which exploit on the basis of race, gender, and social and physical differences, they exploit the nature as well. Ecological philosophy holds the human centered dualism responsible for anti environmental beliefs and factors. Similarly, ecofeminism holds the man centered dualism responsible for exploitation of women. The first methodical  novel which is based on ecology is "Bahao" written by Mustansar Hussain Tatar. In this novel man and women are not considered as dual instead they emerge as a unit of society. Urdu novel- "Neeli Baar" and "Graan" written by Tahira Iqbal are also significant regarding ecofeminism. In these novel woman is depicted closer to the nature. Moreover, "Bahar Gali" by Arshad Chahal and "Kohe Giran" by Khalid Fateh Muhammad are also important in this regard. These novels depict the dualism of man and woman.In the article the study of above mentioned novels is presented according to ecofeminism.

Keywords

• men, women, postmodern discourse, feminism, eco-feminism, urdu novel, criticism, eco-criticism