Grid-Forming Converters: Stability and Control in Islanded Power Systems

Abstract

This review paper delves into the burgeoning field of Grid-Forming (GFM) Converters, particularly focusing on their role in ensuring stability and control in islanded power systems. The paper reviews work in three broad areas. The first area explores the various control schemes for GFM converters, offering a generalized control structure and comparing different solutions for each of the main subsystems. It also discusses open issues such as angle stability, fault ride-through capabilities, and the transition between islanded and grid-connected modes. The second area of study scrutinizes the challenges posed by low-inertia grids, which have become increasingly prevalent due to the integration of renewable energy sources. It evaluates the performance of GFM converters in the context of both small-signal and large-signal stability, filling a gap in the literature by offering a comparative study of various GFM control schemes for largesignal stability. The paper concludes by outlining the challenges and future trends in the application of GFM converters.