Insights into adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in fulminant herpes simplex virus encephalitis: case analysis with contrasting outcomes

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis, predominantly caused by HSV-1, presents with significant morbidity and mortality challenges. This research investigates the particular role of adjunctive corticosteroid therapy in fulminant HSV encephalitis through in-depth analyses of two contrasting cases. Corticosteroids show potential benefits to improve an exaggerated immune response and limit viral dissemination within the brain. Daily assessments and frequent neuroimaging, particularly using magnetic resonance imaging, aid in the management of fulminant cases. Although existing evidence relies on limited case series and retrospective comparisons, the results of the present study emphasize the necessity for large-scale controlled trials to establish definitive guidelines. The discretion of the treating neurologist governs the decision to implement corticosteroids, emphasizing the imperative need for continued research and evidence-based strategies for this challenging neurological condition.

Keywords

• herpes simplex virus
• encephalitis
• steroids