Recent advances in the piperazine based antiviral agents: A remarkable heterocycle for antiviral research

Abstract

A growing interest in pharmacology has made heterocyclic chemistry as one of the emerging branches of organic chemistry. Piperazine is an excellent heterocycle that possesses a large span of pharmaceutical applications. Piperazine derived compounds have shown multiple therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, antihypertensive, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antipsychotic, cardioprotective, antifungal, antidepressant and antiviral. FDA has approved many piperazine scaffold-based drugs for the treatment of various viral infections, therefore establishing the pharmacological importance of piperazine derivatives. Only a few reviews on antiviral activities of piperazine containing compounds are available in the literature, despite of its great medicinal significance. This review deals with piperazine derived compounds as antiviral agents covering the literature reports from 2010 to 2023.

Keywords

• Antiviral piperazine derivatives
• Anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents
• Anti-HIV agents
• Anti-HCV agents
• Anti-TMV agents
• Anti-influenza agents