Cross-species functional alignment reveals evolutionary hierarchy within the connectome
Ting Xu,
Karl-Heinz Nenning,
Ernst Schwartz,
Seok-Jun Hong,
Joshua T. Vogelstein,
Alexandros Goulas,
Damien A. Fair,
Charles E. Schroeder,
Daniel S. Margulies,
Jonny Smallwood,
Michael P. Milham,
Georg Langs
Affiliations
Ting Xu
Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA; Corresponding author.
Karl-Heinz Nenning
Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Ernst Schwartz
Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Seok-Jun Hong
Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
Joshua T. Vogelstein
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
Alexandros Goulas
Institute of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
Damien A. Fair
Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Charles E. Schroeder
Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Departments of neurosurgery and Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Daniel S. Margulies
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
Jonny Smallwood
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Psychology Department, University of York, York, UK
Michael P. Milham
Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
Georg Langs
Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Evolution provides an important window into how cortical organization shapes function and vice versa. The complex mosaic of changes in brain morphology and functional organization that have shaped the mammalian cortex during evolution, complicates attempts to chart cortical differences across species. It limits our ability to fully appreciate how evolution has shaped our brain, especially in systems associated with unique human cognitive capabilities that lack anatomical homologues in other species. Here, we develop a function-based method for cross-species alignment that enables the quantification of homologous regions between humans and rhesus macaques, even when their location is decoupled from anatomical landmarks. Critically, we find cross-species similarity in functional organization reflects a gradient of evolutionary change that decreases from unimodal systems and culminates with the most pronounced changes in posterior regions of the default mode network (angular gyrus, posterior cingulate and middle temporal cortices). Our findings suggest that the establishment of the default mode network, as the apex of a cognitive hierarchy, has changed in a complex manner during human evolution – even within subnetworks.
