Gaceta Sanitaria (Dec 2011)
Personalización enfermera y calidad percibida del cuidado en el ámbito hospitalario Personalized nursing care and perceived quality of care in hospitals
Abstract
Objetivo: Determinar si hay relación entre el modelo organizativo «Enfermería Primaria» y la calidad de los cuidados percibida por el paciente. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, que incluyó a los pacientes dados de alta, durante 12 meses, en cuatro unidades organizadas según el modelo de asignación «Enfermería Primaria». El grado de aplicación del modelo se evaluó mediante el Índice de Personalización del Cuidado, y la calidad percibida por los pacientes con el cuestionario LOPSS12 de satisfacción con los cuidados enfermeros. Se realizó un análisis bivariado mediante ANOVA y t de student, y un análisis multivariado mediante regresión lineal con las variables que habían mostrado asociación (pObjective: To determine whether there is an association between the Primary Nursing Model and perceived quality of care. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study in four hospital wards with Primary Nursing organization. Over a 12-month period, all the patients discharged from each ward were included in this study. The degree of development of Primary Nursing was measured by using the Personalization of Nursing Care Index and the perceived quality of care was measured with the LOPSS-12. Bivariate statistical analysis was carried out through ANOVA and Student's t-tests. Multivariate linear regression analysis was then applied to correlated variables (p<0.05). Results: 817 patients were included, 447 from two medical wards and 370 from two surgical wards. After a preliminary data analysis performed 6 months after the start of the study, four items were removed from the LOPSS-12 and each of the remaining items were analyzed separately. Scores for both patient satisfaction and the introduction of the Primary Nursing Model were higher in the surgical wards. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) association between implantation of the model and all except one of the items included in the questionnaire. Conclusions: The introduction of the Primary Nursing Model in hospital wards allows the presence of a primary nurse for each patient and consequently improves the nurse-patient relationship, increasing perceived quality of care among patients.
