The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
Discovering Large-scale Structure at 2 < z < 5 in the C3VO Survey
- Denise Hung,
- Brian C. Lemaux,
- Olga Cucciati,
- Ben Forrest,
- Ekta A. Shah,
- Roy R. Gal,
- Finn Giddings,
- Derek Sikorski,
- Emmet Golden-Marx,
- Lori M. Lubin,
- Nimish Hathi,
- Giovanni Zamorani,
- Lu Shen,
- Sandro Bardelli,
- Letizia P. Cassarà,
- Gabriella De Lucia,
- Fabio Fontanot,
- Bianca Garilli,
- Lucia Guaita,
- Michaela Monika Hirschmann,
- Kyoung-Soo Lee,
- Andrew B. Newman,
- Vandana Ramakrishnan,
- Daniela Vergani,
- Lizhi Xie,
- Elena Zucca
Affiliations
- Denise Hung
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Gemini Observatory , NSF NOIRLab, 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Brian C. Lemaux
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory , NSF NOIRLab, 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Olga Cucciati
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Ben Forrest
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Ekta A. Shah
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Roy R. Gal
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Finn Giddings
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Derek Sikorski
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Emmet Golden-Marx
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China; INAF—Osservatorio astronomico di Padova , Vicolo Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
- Lori M. Lubin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Nimish Hathi
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Giovanni Zamorani
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Lu Shen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USA; George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Sandro Bardelli
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Letizia P. Cassarà
- ORCiD
- INAF-IASF Milano , Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Gabriella De Lucia
- ORCiD
- INAF—Astronomical Observatory of Trieste , via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy; IFPU—Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- Fabio Fontanot
- ORCiD
- INAF—Astronomical Observatory of Trieste , via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy; IFPU—Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
- Bianca Garilli
- ORCiD
- INAF-IASF Milano , Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Lucia Guaita
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello , Fernandez Concha 700, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Michaela Monika Hirschmann
- ORCiD
- INAF—Astronomical Observatory of Trieste , via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy; Institute for Physics , Laboratory for Galaxy Evolution, EPFL, Observatoire de Sauverny, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- Kyoung-Soo Lee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Andrew B. Newman
- ORCiD
- Carnegie Science Observatories , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- Vandana Ramakrishnan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University , 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Daniela Vergani
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- Lizhi Xie
- ORCiD
- Tianjin Normal University , Binshuixidao 393, 300387 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Elena Zucca
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna , via Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada616
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 980,
no. 1
p. 155
Abstract
The Charting Cluster Construction with VUDS and ORELSE (C3VO) survey is an ongoing imaging and spectroscopic campaign aiming to map out the growth of structure up to z ∼ 5 and was born from the combination of the Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph Ultra Deep Survey and the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large-Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey. As we previously accomplished with the ORELSE survey, we apply our technique known as Voronoi tessellation Monte Carlo (VMC) mapping to search for serendipitous galaxy overdensities at 2 < z < 5 in the three C3VO fields. We also apply the same technique to mock observations of simulated galaxies with properties derived from the GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly semianalytic model in order to judge the effectiveness of our search algorithm as a function of redshift, total mass, and fraction of spectroscopic redshifts. We find completeness and purity values of the order of 30%–50% for $\mathrm{log}({M}_{z=0}/{M}_{\odot })\gt 14$ and 2 < z < 4, with a strong dependence on mass and redshift, with values as high as ∼80% and ∼70%, respectively, in the best-case scenario for $\mathrm{log}({M}_{z=0}/{M}_{\odot })\gt 14.5$ . In the C3VO fields, we were able to recover many of the previously known structures in the literature as well as find hundreds of new overdensity candidates, once again demonstrating the powerful capabilities of VMC mapping when applied to wide-field optical and infrared galaxy evolution surveys at ever higher redshifts.
Keywords
- Protoclusters
- Galaxy clusters
- Galaxy groups
- Galactic and extragalactic astronomy
- Spectroscopy
- Astronomical techniques
